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New Caledonia
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France, government information on New Caledonia.
"New Caledonia is part of the group of islands which make
up Melanesia and covers 18,575 square km. The archipelago
comprises Grande Terre (main island), twice the size of
Corsica, plus the four islands of Loyalty, the Bélep
Archipelago, the Isle of Pines and a few remote islets.
The landscape of New Caledonia is rich and varied. The
archipelago has 200,000 inhabitants and two main
communities: Melanesians (over 44%) and Europeans (more
than 34%).
The Melanesians are the original inhabitants of New
Caledonia. The first European to set foot there was
Captain James Cook, in 1774. It became a French possession
in 1853.
The 1980s were marked by the rise of the Kanak
independence movement. The agreements signed in 1988 took
the heat out of the climate of political instability and
triggered a new economic equilibrium. Since 1998 New
Caledonia has been pursuing an original process of
institutional development. In 2014, voters who have lived
in the archipelago for at least 20 years will be asked to
vote on the question of full independence.
New Caledonia has considerable natural resources. It is
the third-largest world producer of nickel and has other
minerals too: chrome, cobalt, iron, copper, lead, zinc and
jasper.
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Agriculture, mainly cattle-breeding, coffee and copra,
employs 28% of the population. Fishery products, of which
80% are tuna, are exported to Japan. Since 1996 Pacific
prawns have been the second largest export.
Tourism flourishes in New Caledonia, and its natural
riches have earned it the nickname of 'the island closest
to paradise'."
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New Caledonia Tourism.com.
"New Caledonia is the fourth largest archipelago in the South Pacific (18
600 km2). Its economic zone (200 nautical miles around land) is 1 450 000
km2."
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