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New Caledonia

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  • France, government information on New Caledonia.  "New Caledonia is part of the group of islands which make up Melanesia and covers 18,575 square km. The archipelago comprises Grande Terre (main island), twice the size of Corsica, plus the four islands of Loyalty, the Bélep Archipelago, the Isle of Pines and a few remote islets.

    The landscape of New Caledonia is rich and varied. The archipelago has 200,000 inhabitants and two main communities: Melanesians (over 44%) and Europeans (more than 34%).

    The Melanesians are the original inhabitants of New Caledonia. The first European to set foot there was Captain James Cook, in 1774. It became a French possession in 1853.

    The 1980s were marked by the rise of the Kanak independence movement. The agreements signed in 1988 took the heat out of the climate of political instability and triggered a new economic equilibrium. Since 1998 New Caledonia has been pursuing an original process of institutional development. In 2014, voters who have lived in the archipelago for at least 20 years will be asked to vote on the question of full independence.

    New Caledonia has considerable natural resources. It is the third-largest world producer of nickel and has other minerals too: chrome, cobalt, iron, copper, lead, zinc and jasper.
 

Agriculture, mainly cattle-breeding, coffee and copra, employs 28% of the population. Fishery products, of which 80% are tuna, are exported to Japan. Since 1996 Pacific prawns have been the second largest export.

Tourism flourishes in New Caledonia, and its natural riches have earned it the nickname of 'the island closest to paradise'." 

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  • New Caledonia Tourism.com.  "New Caledonia is the fourth largest archipelago in the South Pacific (18 600 km2). Its economic zone (200 nautical miles around land) is 1 450 000 km2."

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