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Luxembourg
National Tourist Office. "The capital of the
Grand-Duchy was founded in about 963 and is the seat of
Government and the official residence of the Grand-Duke.
Since the "European Community for Coal and Steel" (ECSC)
was created in Luxembourg in 1952, a host of European
institutions have settled here, the General Secretariate
of the European Parliament, the European Court of Justice,
the Court of Auditors, the European Bank of Investment and
several Directorates of the European Commission, to name
but a few.
Luxembourg shaped its destiny as one of the "Capitals of
Europe" not only through its central geographical location
in the heart of Europe but also through its multi-lingualism.
Apart from "Luxembourgish", now the official language,
French and German are also widely employed in the same
function. Moreover, in the last 20 years, Luxembourg has
developed into an powerful financial centre with its 168
financial institutions. This international momentum
confers the city a cosmopolitan flair that is stunning in
view of its size. Despite this intense political and
economic progress, the city has maintained an atmosphere
of contemplative tranquillity. The vast green spaces in
the Pétrusse Valley and the City Gardens as well as the
historical city centre, transformed almost completely into
a pedestrian zone, provide the visitor with leisure,
cultural experience and comfortable shopping.
The historical importance of Luxembourg dates back to the
Roman era. Near what is now named the Fishmarket where two
important Roman roads crossed, a watch and observation
tower was erected in the 4th century. Count Siegfried also
recognized the strategic value of the site in the middle
of the 10th century and set up the "Lucilinburhuc", which
gave the city its name, on the Bock promontory. In the
course of the centuries the fortress was widely extended
with several ring walls, a host of tower-gates and peel
towers, underground galleries and lots of bastions and
forts. In the 17th century, after the French fortress
builder Vauban enlarged the defence works so as to create
one of the most powerful fortresses of Europe, Luxembourg
came to be called "Gibraltar of the North" as well.
Between 1867 and 1883, a great part of the fortress was
dismantled following the decision of the Congress of
London. The open spaces thus gained enabled the
authorities to extend the city and increase its population
swiftly.
The excavations of the "Lucilinburhuc" on the Bock
promontory, the old town, the casemates and the ruins of
the fortifications were listed as World Heritage by UNESCO
in 1994. They are very conspicuous to the visitor during
an extensive walk or a guided bus tour. Several buildings
in the old town deserve special attention, the Grand-Ducal
Palace with its Renaissance Front (1574), the Cathedral of
Our Lady from the 17th century and a large array of houses
in the Government District and on Fishmarket. Using the
so-called "Wenceslas Circular Walk", the visitor may also
get to the picturesque Rham Plateau with its Tower of
Jacob (old town gate from 1590) and the military barracks
from the Vauban period or to the colourful town quarter of
Grund with its medieval houses lining the Alzette river.
In the city quarter of Kirchberg, the former 18th century
"Fort Thüngen", situated immediately in front of the
modern buildings of the European district, is a worthwhile
stop for visitors. The three still preserved circular
towers named "Three Acorns" and the foundation walls,
uncovered in 1991, convey the might of the former fortress
most impressively. The Vauban Walk, named after the famous
military engineer Sébastien le Prestre de Vauban (1633 -
1707) covers a part of the "Fortress City" dating from the
17th to the 19th century, running from the Paffenthal to
the edge of the Kirchberg Plateau via "Fort Thüngen".
The Luxembourg City History Museum, equipped with a
state-of-the-art high-tech electronic guidance system,
summarizes the urbanistic and architectural development of
Luxembourg as well as the evolving living conditions of
its inhabitants in a vividly descriptive manner. The
National Museum of History and Art on Fishmarket houses
several collections relative to different themes:
classical and modern art, archeology, weapons and the
fortress, coins, Luxembourg folklore and living culture
from the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century. The
National Museum for Natural History "naturmusée"
illustrates geological and geographical topics, an
eco-database supplies information concerning the local
fauna and flora.
Exhibitions of classical, modern and contemporary art
regularly take place in the "Villa Vauban" and in the
"Casino Luxembourg-Forum of Contemporary Art". Municipal
theatres and several reputed independent drama groups
offer tour productions or their own in German, French,
Luxembourgish or English during the season. Music Festival
"Printemps Musical" (classic, jazz) from March to May.
Festival "Summer in the City" from June to September
including all major cultural events in the summer: "Rock
um Knuedler", "Blues'n Jazzrallye", "Streeta(rt)nimation",
public concerts, "Schueberfouer". Music Festival "Live at
Vauban" (rock, pop, jazz, blues), from October to
November. Winterfestival "Winter Lights" from November to
January."
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Luxembourg Tourist Office in London, U.K. "The
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, a constitutional monarchy, is
an independent sovereign state, tucked between Belgium,
France and Germany (cf Luxembourg in Europe map). The
country is 84 km (51 miles) long and 52 km (32 miles)
wide, encompassing an area of 2586 square kilometres (999
square miles) with a population of 451 600 inhabitants
(official estimate Jan 1, 2004)."
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