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Graphic of a world globe and a map of LuxembourgLuxembourg

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  • Luxembourg National Tourist Office.  "The capital of the Grand-Duchy was founded in about 963 and is the seat of Government and the official residence of the Grand-Duke. Since the "European Community for Coal and Steel" (ECSC) was created in Luxembourg in 1952, a host of European institutions have settled here, the General Secretariate of the European Parliament, the European Court of Justice, the Court of Auditors, the European Bank of Investment and several Directorates of the European Commission, to name but a few.

    Luxembourg shaped its destiny as one of the "Capitals of Europe" not only through its central geographical location in the heart of Europe but also through its multi-lingualism. Apart from "Luxembourgish", now the official language, French and German are also widely employed in the same function. Moreover, in the last 20 years, Luxembourg has developed into an powerful financial centre with its 168 financial institutions. This international momentum confers the city a cosmopolitan flair that is stunning in view of its size. Despite this intense political and economic progress, the city has maintained an atmosphere of contemplative tranquillity. The vast green spaces in the Pétrusse Valley and the City Gardens as well as the historical city centre, transformed almost completely into a pedestrian zone, provide the visitor with leisure, cultural experience and comfortable shopping.

    The historical importance of Luxembourg dates back to the Roman era. Near what is now named the Fishmarket where two important Roman roads crossed, a watch and observation tower was erected in the 4th century. Count Siegfried also recognized the strategic value of the site in the middle of the 10th century and set up the "Lucilinburhuc", which gave the city its name, on the Bock promontory. In the course of the centuries the fortress was widely extended with several ring walls, a host of tower-gates and peel towers, underground galleries and lots of bastions and forts. In the 17th century, after the French fortress builder Vauban enlarged the defence works so as to create one of the most powerful fortresses of Europe, Luxembourg came to be called "Gibraltar of the North" as well. Between 1867 and 1883, a great part of the fortress was dismantled following the decision of the Congress of London. The open spaces thus gained enabled the authorities to extend the city and increase its population swiftly.

    The excavations of the "Lucilinburhuc" on the Bock promontory, the old town, the casemates and the ruins of the fortifications were listed as World Heritage by UNESCO in 1994. They are very conspicuous to the visitor during an extensive walk or a guided bus tour. Several buildings in the old town deserve special attention, the Grand-Ducal Palace with its Renaissance Front (1574), the Cathedral of Our Lady from the 17th century and a large array of houses in the Government District and on Fishmarket. Using the so-called "Wenceslas Circular Walk", the visitor may also get to the picturesque Rham Plateau with its Tower of Jacob (old town gate from 1590) and the military barracks from the Vauban period or to the colourful town quarter of Grund with its medieval houses lining the Alzette river. In the city quarter of Kirchberg, the former 18th century "Fort Thüngen", situated immediately in front of the modern buildings of the European district, is a worthwhile stop for visitors. The three still preserved circular towers named "Three Acorns" and the foundation walls, uncovered in 1991, convey the might of the former fortress most impressively. The Vauban Walk, named after the famous military engineer Sébastien le Prestre de Vauban (1633 - 1707) covers a part of the "Fortress City" dating from the 17th to the 19th century, running from the Paffenthal to the edge of the Kirchberg Plateau via "Fort Thüngen".

    The Luxembourg City History Museum, equipped with a state-of-the-art high-tech electronic guidance system, summarizes the urbanistic and architectural development of Luxembourg as well as the evolving living conditions of its inhabitants in a vividly descriptive manner. The National Museum of History and Art on Fishmarket houses several collections relative to different themes: classical and modern art, archeology, weapons and the fortress, coins, Luxembourg folklore and living culture from the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century. The National Museum for Natural History "naturmusée" illustrates geological and geographical topics, an eco-database supplies information concerning the local fauna and flora.

    Exhibitions of classical, modern and contemporary art regularly take place in the "Villa Vauban" and in the "Casino Luxembourg-Forum of Contemporary Art". Municipal theatres and several reputed independent drama groups offer tour productions or their own in German, French, Luxembourgish or English during the season. Music Festival "Printemps Musical" (classic, jazz) from March to May. Festival "Summer in the City" from June to September including all major cultural events in the summer: "Rock um Knuedler", "Blues'n Jazzrallye", "Streeta(rt)nimation", public concerts, "Schueberfouer". Music Festival "Live at Vauban" (rock, pop, jazz, blues), from October to November. Winterfestival "Winter Lights" from November to January."
  • Luxembourg Tourist Office in London, U.K.  "The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, a constitutional monarchy, is an independent sovereign state, tucked between Belgium, France and Germany (cf Luxembourg in Europe map). The country is 84 km (51 miles) long and 52 km (32 miles) wide, encompassing an area of 2586 square kilometres (999 square miles) with a population of 451 600 inhabitants (official estimate Jan 1, 2004)."

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